2026년 고2 6월 모의고사 단어

모의고사/고2 모의고사
2026. 6. 17. 19:27

2026년 6월 고2 단어 플래시카드 & 퀴즈

2026년 6월 고2 단어 플래시카드 & 퀴즈

지문 번호를 고르고 발음·예문으로 외운 뒤 객관식 시험을 봅니다.

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번호|단어 또는 어구|뜻|지문 힌트

18|annual|애뉴얼|연례의|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|science fair|사이언스 페어|과학 박람회|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|be held|비 헬드|열리다, 개최되다|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|theme|씸|주제|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|sustainable future|서스테이너블 퓨처|지속 가능한 미래|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|announce|어나운스|발표하다|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|registration|레지스트레이션|등록|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|lower than expected|로워 댄 익스펙티드|예상보다 낮은|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|therefore|데어포어|그러므로|Therefore, we would like to encourage more of you to take part.
18|encourage|인커리지|장려하다|Therefore, we would like to encourage more of you to take part.
18|take part|테이크 파트|참가하다|Therefore, we would like to encourage more of you to take part.
18|be invited to|비 인바이티드 투|~하도록 초대받다|Dear students, The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme "Sustainable Future." Although we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.
18|present|프리젠트|발표하다, 제시하다|You are invited to present a project, experiment, or model related to environmental conservation or renewable energy.
18|experiment|익스페리먼트|실험|You are invited to present a project, experiment, or model related to environmental conservation or renewable energy.
18|environmental conservation|인바이런멘털 컨서베이션|환경 보존|You are invited to present a project, experiment, or model related to environmental conservation or renewable energy.
18|renewable energy|리뉴어블 에너지|재생 에너지|You are invited to present a project, experiment, or model related to environmental conservation or renewable energy.
18|opportunity|오퍼튜니티|기회|You will have the opportunity to showcase your work for teachers, peers, and local scientists.
18|showcase|쇼케이스|선보이다|You will have the opportunity to showcase your work for teachers, peers, and local scientists.
18|submit|섭밋|제출하다|If you are interested, please submit a brief description of your work by June 25.
18|participation|파티시페이션|참여|We look forward to your participation.
19|bakery|베이커리|빵집|Luna went to the bakery to pick up a chocolate cake for her dad's 70th birthday.
19|pick up|픽 업|찾아가다, 찾아오다|Luna went to the bakery to pick up a chocolate cake for her dad's 70th birthday.
19|chocolate cake|초컬릿 케이크|초콜릿 케이크|Luna went to the bakery to pick up a chocolate cake for her dad's 70th birthday.
19|notice|노티스|알아차리다|Then she noticed the message on top.
19|message|메시지|메시지, 문구|Then she noticed the message on top.
19|on top|온 탑|위에|Then she noticed the message on top.
19|I don't get it|아이 돈 겟 잇|이해가 안 된다|It said, "Happy 50th Birthday, Dad!" Luna said to the baker, "I don't get it.
19|flavor|플레이버|맛|The flavor and the message are wrong." She wondered if she made a mistake when ordering.
19|wonder|원더|궁금해하다|The flavor and the message are wrong." She wondered if she made a mistake when ordering.
19|make a mistake|메이크 어 미스테이크|실수하다|Luna went to the bakery to pick up a chocolate cake for her dad's 70th birthday.
19|order|오더|주문하다|The flavor and the message are wrong." She wondered if she made a mistake when ordering.
19|baker|베이커|제빵사|Luna went to the bakery to pick up a chocolate cake for her dad's 70th birthday.
19|walk away|워크 어웨이|자리를 떠나다|Luna went to the bakery to pick up a chocolate cake for her dad's 70th birthday.
19|moments later|모먼츠 레이터|잠시 후|Moments later, he returned with her cake, explaining they had received two similar orders.
19|return with|리턴 위드|~을 가지고 돌아오다|Luna went to the bakery to pick up a chocolate cake for her dad's 70th birthday.
19|explain|익스플레인|설명하다|Moments later, he returned with her cake, explaining they had received two similar orders.
19|similar|시밀러|비슷한|Moments later, he returned with her cake, explaining they had received two similar orders.
19|quality|퀄리티|품질 좋은|Knowing she had chosen a quality bakery, Luna said, "I see.
19|perfect|퍼펙트|완벽한|Well, this looks perfect, even better than I imagined."
19|imagine|이매진|상상하다|Well, this looks perfect, even better than I imagined."
20|assume|어슘|가정하다|We can sometimes assume that the whole will be as good as each of its parts.
20|whole|홀|전체|We can sometimes assume that the whole will be as good as each of its parts.
20|part|파트|부분|We can sometimes assume that the whole will be as good as each of its parts.
20|suppose|서포즈|가정하다|Suppose, for example, you're in charge of a startup, and you know that everyone you've brought on board is productive and efficient.
20|in charge of|인 차지 오브|~을 담당하는|Suppose, for example, you're in charge of a startup, and you know that everyone you've brought on board is productive and efficient.
20|startup|스타트업|신생 기업|Suppose, for example, you're in charge of a startup, and you know that everyone you've brought on board is productive and efficient.
20|bring on board|브링 온 보드|참여시키다, 영입하다|We can sometimes assume that the whole will be as good as each of its parts.
20|productive|프로덕티브|생산적인|Suppose, for example, you're in charge of a startup, and you know that everyone you've brought on board is productive and efficient.
20|efficient|이피션트|효율적인|Suppose, for example, you're in charge of a startup, and you know that everyone you've brought on board is productive and efficient.
20|logical|라지컬|논리적인|It might seem logical to assume that, as a result, the startup will be productive and efficient, too ─ but this isn't necessarily true.
20|as a result|애즈 어 리절트|그 결과|It might seem logical to assume that, as a result, the startup will be productive and efficient, too ─ but this isn't necessarily true.
20|necessarily|네서세럴리|반드시|It might seem logical to assume that, as a result, the startup will be productive and efficient, too ─ but this isn't necessarily true.
20|fallacy of composition|팰러시 오브 컴퍼지션|구성의 오류|The fallacy of composition fails to allow for how the different "parts" interact with each other ─ if, for example, your efficient administrator and your highly skilled head of IT each assumes the other is in charge of collating prototype test results, then you have a problem.
20|allow for|얼라우 포어|~을 고려하다|The fallacy of composition fails to allow for how the different "parts" interact with each other ─ if, for example, your efficient administrator and your highly skilled head of IT each assumes the other is in charge of collating prototype test results, then you have a problem.
20|interact with|인터랙트 위드|~와 상호작용하다|The fallacy of composition fails to allow for how the different "parts" interact with each other ─ if, for example, your efficient administrator and your highly skilled head of IT each assumes the other is in charge of collating prototype test results, then you have a problem.
20|administrator|어드미니스트레이터|관리자|The fallacy of composition fails to allow for how the different "parts" interact with each other ─ if, for example, your efficient administrator and your highly skilled head of IT each assumes the other is in charge of collating prototype test results, then you have a problem.
20|head of IT|헤드 오브 아이티|IT 책임자|The fallacy of composition fails to allow for how the different "parts" interact with each other ─ if, for example, your efficient administrator and your highly skilled head of IT each assumes the other is in charge of collating prototype test results, then you have a problem.
20|collate|컬레이트|취합하다|We can sometimes assume that the whole will be as good as each of its parts.
20|prototype|프로토타입|시제품|The fallacy of composition fails to allow for how the different "parts" interact with each other ─ if, for example, your efficient administrator and your highly skilled head of IT each assumes the other is in charge of collating prototype test results, then you have a problem.
20|overall view|오버롤 뷰|전체적 관점|When assembling a team with a common goal, always check the overall view as well as the individuals involved.
21|excel at|엑셀 앳|~에 뛰어나다|Humans excel at visual imagery.
21|visual imagery|비주얼 이미저리|시각적 심상|Humans excel at visual imagery.
21|evolve|이볼브|진화하다|Our brains evolved this ability to create an internal mental picture or model of the world in which we can rehearse forthcoming actions, without the risks or the penalties of doing them in the real world.
21|internal|인터널|내부의|Our brains evolved this ability to create an internal mental picture or model of the world in which we can rehearse forthcoming actions, without the risks or the penalties of doing them in the real world.
21|mental picture|멘털 픽처|머릿속 그림|Our brains evolved this ability to create an internal mental picture or model of the world in which we can rehearse forthcoming actions, without the risks or the penalties of doing them in the real world.
21|rehearse|리허스|예행연습하다|Our brains evolved this ability to create an internal mental picture or model of the world in which we can rehearse forthcoming actions, without the risks or the penalties of doing them in the real world.
21|forthcoming|포스커밍|다가오는|Our brains evolved this ability to create an internal mental picture or model of the world in which we can rehearse forthcoming actions, without the risks or the penalties of doing them in the real world.
21|penalty|페널티|불이익, 처벌|Humans excel at visual imagery.
21|brain-imaging study|브레인 이미징 스터디|뇌 영상 연구|Humans excel at visual imagery.
21|region|리전|영역|There are even hints from brain-imaging studies by Harvard University psychologist Steve Kosslyn showing that your brain uses the same regions to imagine a scene as when you actually view one.
21|actually|액추얼리|실제로|There are even hints from brain-imaging studies by Harvard University psychologist Steve Kosslyn showing that your brain uses the same regions to imagine a scene as when you actually view one.
21|evolution|에볼루션|진화|But evolution has seen to it that such internally generated representations are never as authentic as the real thing.
21|see to it that|시 투 잇 댓|반드시 ~하게 하다|Humans excel at visual imagery.
21|representation|레프리젠테이션|표상|But evolution has seen to it that such internally generated representations are never as authentic as the real thing.
21|authentic|오쎈틱|진짜의|But evolution has seen to it that such internally generated representations are never as authentic as the real thing.
21|self-restraint|셀프 리스트레인트|자기 절제|This is a wise bit of self-restraint on your genes' part.
21|substitute|섭스티튜트|대체물|If your internal model of the world were a perfect substitute, then anytime you felt hungry you could simply imagine yourself at a banquet, consuming a feast.
21|banquet|뱅큇|연회|If your internal model of the world were a perfect substitute, then anytime you felt hungry you could simply imagine yourself at a banquet, consuming a feast.
21|incentive|인센티브|동기|You would have no incentive to find real food and would soon starve to death.
21|starve to death|스타브 투 데스|굶어 죽다|You would have no incentive to find real food and would soon starve to death.
22|objective probability|업젝티브 프라버빌러티|객관적 확률|For each objective probability ─ from one percent to 100 percent ─ we want to know the subjective probability weight.
22|subjective|섭젝티브|주관적인|For each objective probability ─ from one percent to 100 percent ─ we want to know the subjective probability weight.
22|probability weight|프라버빌러티 웨이트|확률 가중치|For each objective probability ─ from one percent to 100 percent ─ we want to know the subjective probability weight.
22|treat A like B|트릿 에이 라이크 비|A를 B처럼 다루다|For each objective probability ─ from one percent to 100 percent ─ we want to know the subjective probability weight.
22|low-probability event|로우 프라버빌러티 이벤트|낮은 확률의 사건|Events that could happen but aren't likely ─ low-probability events ─ can be defined as probabilities up to about 25 percent.
22|define as|디파인 애즈|~로 정의하다|For each objective probability ─ from one percent to 100 percent ─ we want to know the subjective probability weight.
22|up to|업 투|~까지|Events that could happen but aren't likely ─ low-probability events ─ can be defined as probabilities up to about 25 percent.
22|factor into|팩터 인투|~에 영향을 미치다|For each objective probability ─ from one percent to 100 percent ─ we want to know the subjective probability weight.
22|occur|어커|발생하다|That is, an event that has an objective one-percent chance of occurring could subjectively seem like it has a five-percent chance of occurring.
22|subjectively|섭젝티블리|주관적으로|That is, an event that has an objective one-percent chance of occurring could subjectively seem like it has a five-percent chance of occurring.
22|overestimate|오버에스티메이트|과대평가하다|We overestimate the likelihood of these low-probability events.
22|likelihood|라이클리후드|가능성|We overestimate the likelihood of these low-probability events.
22|in general|인 제너럴|일반적으로|In general, the smaller the probability, the more we overestimate its likelihood.
22|lottery|라터리|복권|For example, people who play the lottery are often optimistic about winning.
22|optimistic|옵티미스틱|낙관적인|For example, people who play the lottery are often optimistic about winning.
22|odds|아즈|가능성, 확률|However, the odds of a single ticket winning the largest, most popular U.S.
22|single ticket|싱글 티켓|한 장의 표|However, the odds of a single ticket winning the largest, most popular U.S.
22|on the order of|온 디 오더 오브|대략 ~정도의|lotteries are on the order of one in 175 million.
22|chance of occurring|챈스 오브 어커링|발생할 가능성|That is, an event that has an objective one-percent chance of occurring could subjectively seem like it has a five-percent chance of occurring.
22|decision|디시전|결정|When we make decisions, do we treat a one-percent chance just like one percent, or like something else?
23|barrier to trade|배리어 투 트레이드|무역 장벽|Many of the barriers to trade exist not because of a lack of markets or customers, but because there are major barriers to getting products to market at competitive prices.
23|exist|이그지스트|존재하다|Many of the barriers to trade exist not because of a lack of markets or customers, but because there are major barriers to getting products to market at competitive prices.
23|lack of|랙 오브|~의 부족|Many of the barriers to trade exist not because of a lack of markets or customers, but because there are major barriers to getting products to market at competitive prices.
23|market|마켓|시장|Many of the barriers to trade exist not because of a lack of markets or customers, but because there are major barriers to getting products to market at competitive prices.
23|customer|커스터머|고객|Many of the barriers to trade exist not because of a lack of markets or customers, but because there are major barriers to getting products to market at competitive prices.
23|competitive price|컴페터티브 프라이스|경쟁력 있는 가격|Many of the barriers to trade exist not because of a lack of markets or customers, but because there are major barriers to getting products to market at competitive prices.
23|transaction cost|트랜잭션 코스트|거래 비용|Transaction costs are significant for companies ─ not only the straight exchange costs, but also the cost of converting, paying, and hedging funds just to pay for the goods and services.
23|significant|시그니피컨트|중요한, 상당한|Transaction costs are significant for companies ─ not only the straight exchange costs, but also the cost of converting, paying, and hedging funds just to pay for the goods and services.
23|exchange cost|익스체인지 코스트|환전 비용|Transaction costs are significant for companies ─ not only the straight exchange costs, but also the cost of converting, paying, and hedging funds just to pay for the goods and services.
23|convert|컨버트|전환하다|Transaction costs are significant for companies ─ not only the straight exchange costs, but also the cost of converting, paying, and hedging funds just to pay for the goods and services.
23|hedge funds|헤지 펀즈|자금을 헤지하다|Many of the barriers to trade exist not because of a lack of markets or customers, but because there are major barriers to getting products to market at competitive prices.
23|goods and services|굿즈 앤 서비스즈|상품과 서비스|Transaction costs are significant for companies ─ not only the straight exchange costs, but also the cost of converting, paying, and hedging funds just to pay for the goods and services.
23|common currency|카먼 커런시|공통 화폐|Having a common currency means that many of those transaction costs disappear and the savings can be reinvested back into firms' productivity and innovation.
23|disappear|디서피어|사라지다|Having a common currency means that many of those transaction costs disappear and the savings can be reinvested back into firms' productivity and innovation.
23|savings|세이빙즈|절감액|Having a common currency means that many of those transaction costs disappear and the savings can be reinvested back into firms' productivity and innovation.
23|reinvest|리인베스트|재투자하다|Having a common currency means that many of those transaction costs disappear and the savings can be reinvested back into firms' productivity and innovation.
23|productivity|프로덕티비티|생산성|Having a common currency means that many of those transaction costs disappear and the savings can be reinvested back into firms' productivity and innovation.
23|innovation|이노베이션|혁신|Having a common currency means that many of those transaction costs disappear and the savings can be reinvested back into firms' productivity and innovation.
23|economic foundation|이커나믹 파운데이션|경제적 기반|So a common currency provides for a strong economic foundation that all can benefit from.
23|benefit from|베네핏 프롬|~로부터 이익을 얻다|So a common currency provides for a strong economic foundation that all can benefit from.
24|stellar neighbour|스텔러 네이버|가까운 별 이웃|The light from even our nearest stellar neighbour takes four years to reach us.
24|reach|리치|도달하다|The light from even our nearest stellar neighbour takes four years to reach us.
24|look back in time|룩 백 인 타임|시간을 거슬러 보다|The light from even our nearest stellar neighbour takes four years to reach us.
24|incredible|인크레더블|믿기 어려운, 놀라운|This is an incredible gift.
24|gift|기프트|선물|This is an incredible gift.
24|universe|유니버스|우주|We can see parts of space, parts of our universe, as they were many years ago.
24|collect light|컬렉트 라이트|빛을 모으다|The further we can collect light from, the further back in time we can look.
24|bright star|브라이트 스타|밝은 별|If you look at the bright star Betelgeuse, which glows in the Orion constellation, you wind time back more than six hundred years.
24|glow|글로우|빛나다|If you look at the bright star Betelgeuse, which glows in the Orion constellation, you wind time back more than six hundred years.
24|constellation|칸스털레이션|별자리|If you look at the bright star Betelgeuse, which glows in the Orion constellation, you wind time back more than six hundred years.
24|wind time back|와인드 타임 백|시간을 되돌리다|If you look at the bright star Betelgeuse, which glows in the Orion constellation, you wind time back more than six hundred years.
24|reddish|레디시|붉은빛의|Its reddish glow started its journey to Earth in the Middle Ages.
24|journey|저니|여정|Its reddish glow started its journey to Earth in the Middle Ages.
24|Middle Ages|미들 에이지즈|중세|Its reddish glow started its journey to Earth in the Middle Ages.
24|Orion's belt|오라이언즈 벨트|오리온자리의 허리띠|The stars in Orion's belt are even further away.
24|generation|제너레이션|세대|Their light, familiar to generations of humans, has travelled at least 1,000 years to reach us.
24|travel|트래블|이동하다|Their light, familiar to generations of humans, has travelled at least 1,000 years to reach us.
24|distant|디스턴트|먼|This means we have a chance of understanding the history of the universe because we can see the more distant parts of it as they were in the past, thousands or millions or billions of years ago.
24|in the past|인 더 패스트|과거에|This means we have a chance of understanding the history of the universe because we can see the more distant parts of it as they were in the past, thousands or millions or billions of years ago.
24|billions of years|빌리언즈 오브 이어즈|수십억 년|This means we have a chance of understanding the history of the universe because we can see the more distant parts of it as they were in the past, thousands or millions or billions of years ago.
25|painter|페인터|화가|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|be known for|비 노운 포어|~로 유명하다|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|vivid|비비드|생생한|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|daily life|데일리 라이프|일상생활|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|move to|무브 투|~로 이주하다|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|study art|스터디 아트|미술을 공부하다|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|simplified shape|심플러파이드 셰이프|단순화된 형태|He used bright colors and simplified shapes in his paintings.
25|widely regarded as|와이들리 리가디드 애즈|널리 ~로 여겨지는|The Migration Series, widely regarded as Jacob Lawrence's masterpiece, brought him national recognition.
25|masterpiece|매스터피스|걸작|The Migration Series, widely regarded as Jacob Lawrence's masterpiece, brought him national recognition.
25|national recognition|내셔널 레커그니션|전국적 인정|The Migration Series, widely regarded as Jacob Lawrence's masterpiece, brought him national recognition.
25|World War II|월드 워 투|제2차 세계대전|During World War II, he served in the U.S.
25|serve in|서브 인|~에서 복무하다|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|Coast Guard|코스트 가드|해안경비대|Coast Guard and produced many paintings, but most of them were lost.
25|produce|프로듀스|제작하다|Coast Guard and produced many paintings, but most of them were lost.
25|be lost|비 로스트|분실되다|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|teach at|티치 앳|~에서 가르치다|Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African-American history and daily life.
25|throughout|쓰루아웃|~내내|Throughout his lifetime, he received honorary degrees from several universities, including Harvard.
25|lifetime|라이프타임|평생|Throughout his lifetime, he received honorary degrees from several universities, including Harvard.
25|honorary degree|아너러리 디그리|명예 학위|Throughout his lifetime, he received honorary degrees from several universities, including Harvard.
25|explore|익스플로어|탐구하다|Until a few weeks before his death, he continued to explore the lives of African-Americans through his painting.
29|renowned|리나운드|저명한|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|philosopher|필라서퍼|철학자|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|assert|어설트|주장하다|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|civilization|시빌러제이션|문명|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|advance|어드밴스|발전하다|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|operation|아퍼레이션|작업, 조작|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|perform|퍼폼|수행하다|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|discount coupon|디스카운트 쿠폰|할인 쿠폰|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|consumer|컨슈머|소비자|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|reduced purchase price|리듀스트 퍼처스 프라이스|할인된 구매 가격|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|present|프리젠트|제시하다|The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted that "civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them." Take, for example, the "advance" offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that they will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.
29|extent|익스텐트|정도|The extent to which we have learned to operate mechanically on that assumption is illustrated in the experience of one automobile-tire company.
29|operate mechanically|아퍼레이트 머캐니컬리|기계적으로 작동하다|The extent to which we have learned to operate mechanically on that assumption is illustrated in the experience of one automobile-tire company.
29|assumption|어섬프션|가정|The extent to which we have learned to operate mechanically on that assumption is illustrated in the experience of one automobile-tire company.
29|illustrate|일러스트레이트|보여 주다|The extent to which we have learned to operate mechanically on that assumption is illustrated in the experience of one automobile-tire company.
29|recipient|리시피언트|수령인|Mailed-out coupons that ─ because of a printing error ─ offered no savings to recipients produced just as much customer response as did error-free coupons that offered substantial savings.
29|substantial savings|섭스탠셜 세이빙즈|상당한 절약|Mailed-out coupons that ─ because of a printing error ─ offered no savings to recipients produced just as much customer response as did error-free coupons that offered substantial savings.
29|do double duty|두 더블 듀티|두 가지 역할을 하다|The obvious but instructive point here is that we expect discount coupons to do double duty.
29|mental energy|멘털 에너지|정신적 에너지|Not only do we expect them to save us money, we also expect them to save us the time and mental energy required to think about how to do it.
29|brain strain|브레인 스트레인|두뇌 피로|In today's world, we need the first advantage to handle pocketbook strain; but we need the second advantage to handle something potentially more important ─ brain strain.
30|innovative|이노베이티브|혁신적인|Usually, innovative high-tech products have low price elasticity.
30|high-tech product|하이텍 프로덕트|첨단 기술 제품|Usually, innovative high-tech products have low price elasticity.
30|price elasticity|프라이스 일래스티서티|가격 탄력성|Usually, innovative high-tech products have low price elasticity.
30|variation|베리에이션|변동|This means that high variation in price, an increase as well as a decrease, does not significantly modify demand.
30|increase|인크리스|증가|This means that high variation in price, an increase as well as a decrease, does not significantly modify demand.
30|decrease|디크리스|감소|This means that high variation in price, an increase as well as a decrease, does not significantly modify demand.
30|significantly|시그니피컨틀리|상당히|This means that high variation in price, an increase as well as a decrease, does not significantly modify demand.
30|modify|마더파이|변화시키다|This means that high variation in price, an increase as well as a decrease, does not significantly modify demand.
30|demand|디맨드|수요|This means that high variation in price, an increase as well as a decrease, does not significantly modify demand.
30|substitute|섭스티튜트|대체품|These high-tech products have few substitutes, meaning that the costs to switch to another product are high.
30|switch to|스위치 투|~로 바꾸다|These high-tech products have few substitutes, meaning that the costs to switch to another product are high.
30|forerunner|포어러너|선구자|Additionally, at the first stage of the technology, buyers ─ either innovators or forerunners ─ are less sensitive to price than to additional performance; they often have deep pockets or are ready to spend a lot for a new innovative and outstanding product.
30|sensitive to|센서티브 투|~에 민감한|Additionally, at the first stage of the technology, buyers ─ either innovators or forerunners ─ are less sensitive to price than to additional performance; they often have deep pockets or are ready to spend a lot for a new innovative and outstanding product.
30|performance|퍼포먼스|성능|Additionally, at the first stage of the technology, buyers ─ either innovators or forerunners ─ are less sensitive to price than to additional performance; they often have deep pockets or are ready to spend a lot for a new innovative and outstanding product.
30|deep pockets|딥 파키츠|많은 자금|Additionally, at the first stage of the technology, buyers ─ either innovators or forerunners ─ are less sensitive to price than to additional performance; they often have deep pockets or are ready to spend a lot for a new innovative and outstanding product.
30|outstanding|아웃스탠딩|뛰어난|Additionally, at the first stage of the technology, buyers ─ either innovators or forerunners ─ are less sensitive to price than to additional performance; they often have deep pockets or are ready to spend a lot for a new innovative and outstanding product.
30|manufacturer|매뉴팩처러|제조업체|For instance, with its new product range, a high-end mobile phone manufacturer is aiming at the 3% of millionaire households with assets of more than $2.5 million; those are customers who are ready to accept the price range the manufacturer has set.
30|asset|애셋|자산|For instance, with its new product range, a high-end mobile phone manufacturer is aiming at the 3% of millionaire households with assets of more than $2.5 million; those are customers who are ready to accept the price range the manufacturer has set.
30|perceive as|퍼시브 애즈|~로 인식하다|Usually, innovative high-tech products have low price elasticity.
30|reinforce|리인포스|강화하다|Furthermore, the high price of these products is often perceived as a sign of quality and reinforces a customer's confidence in the company.
31|underappreciated|언더어프리시에이티드|과소평가된|One easily underappreciated feature of a city street or square is its "future-proof" nature.
31|feature|피처|특징|One easily underappreciated feature of a city street or square is its "future-proof" nature.
31|city street|시티 스트리트|도시 거리|One easily underappreciated feature of a city street or square is its "future-proof" nature.
31|square|스퀘어|광장|One easily underappreciated feature of a city street or square is its "future-proof" nature.
31|future-proof|퓨처 프루프|미래 변화에 견디는|One easily underappreciated feature of a city street or square is its "future-proof" nature.
31|ancient|에인션트|고대의|The ancient medieval squares in places like Marrakesh and Siena are still places where stuff is sold every day, even if the stuff itself has changed over the last five hundred years.
31|medieval|미디이블|중세의|The ancient medieval squares in places like Marrakesh and Siena are still places where stuff is sold every day, even if the stuff itself has changed over the last five hundred years.
31|stuff|스터프|물건|The ancient medieval squares in places like Marrakesh and Siena are still places where stuff is sold every day, even if the stuff itself has changed over the last five hundred years.
31|physical store|피지컬 스토어|오프라인 매장|For example, the same physical store that once sold buggy whips and typewriters might now repair damaged phones and sell bubble tea.
31|buggy whip|버기 윕|마차용 채찍|For example, the same physical store that once sold buggy whips and typewriters might now repair damaged phones and sell bubble tea.
31|typewriter|타이프라이터|타자기|For example, the same physical store that once sold buggy whips and typewriters might now repair damaged phones and sell bubble tea.
31|infrastructure|인프러스트럭처|기반 시설|The same infrastructure supports evolving uses.
31|evolving use|이볼빙 유스|변화하는 용도|The same infrastructure supports evolving uses.
31|prophet|프라핏|예언자|Jane Jacobs, the great prophet of the city economy, made much of this fact in her books, including The Death and Life of Great American Cities and The Nature of Economies.
31|city economy|시티 이카너미|도시 경제|Jane Jacobs, the great prophet of the city economy, made much of this fact in her books, including The Death and Life of Great American Cities and The Nature of Economies.
31|architecture|아키텍처|건축 구조|As she pointed out, the great advantage of a city architecture is its ability to support change in uses, and Jacobs correctly predicted the persistence of the city itself, unlike those who predicted the rise of the Internet would mean the death of the city.
31|support change|서포트 체인지|변화를 뒷받침하다|As she pointed out, the great advantage of a city architecture is its ability to support change in uses, and Jacobs correctly predicted the persistence of the city itself, unlike those who predicted the rise of the Internet would mean the death of the city.
31|predict|프리딕트|예측하다|As she pointed out, the great advantage of a city architecture is its ability to support change in uses, and Jacobs correctly predicted the persistence of the city itself, unlike those who predicted the rise of the Internet would mean the death of the city.
31|persistence|퍼시스턴스|지속성|As she pointed out, the great advantage of a city architecture is its ability to support change in uses, and Jacobs correctly predicted the persistence of the city itself, unlike those who predicted the rise of the Internet would mean the death of the city.
31|rise of the Internet|라이즈 오브 디 인터넷|인터넷의 부상|As she pointed out, the great advantage of a city architecture is its ability to support change in uses, and Jacobs correctly predicted the persistence of the city itself, unlike those who predicted the rise of the Internet would mean the death of the city.
32|genomics revolution|지노믹스 레벌루션|유전체학 혁명|The genomics revolution made it possible to see just how impactful touch is to plants on a deeper level.
32|impactful|임팩트풀|영향력 있는|The genomics revolution made it possible to see just how impactful touch is to plants on a deeper level.
32|on a deeper level|온 어 디퍼 레벨|더 깊은 차원에서|The genomics revolution made it possible to see just how impactful touch is to plants on a deeper level.
32|peer at|피어 앳|자세히 들여다보다|The genomics revolution made it possible to see just how impactful touch is to plants on a deeper level.
32|gene|진|유전자|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|Arabidopsis thaliana|어라비돕시스 탈리아나|애기장대|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|weedy plant|위디 플랜트|잡초성 식물|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|mustard family|머스터드 패밀리|겨자과|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|lab rat|랩 랫|실험용 쥐, 실험 대상|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|trigger|트리거|촉발하다|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|dramatic response|드러매틱 리스판스|극적인 반응|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|hormone|호르몬|호르몬|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|gene expression|진 익스프레션|유전자 발현|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|substantially|섭스탠셜리|상당히|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|inhibit|인히빗|억제하다|Peering at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.
32|stroke|스트로크|쓰다듬다|They stroked the arabidopsis with soft paintbrushes, and then analyzed the plants' genetic responses.
32|genetic response|저네틱 리스판스|유전적 반응|They stroked the arabidopsis with soft paintbrushes, and then analyzed the plants' genetic responses.
32|genome|지노움|유전체|Within thirty minutes of being touched, 10 percent of the plant's genome was altered.
32|alter|올터|바꾸다|Within thirty minutes of being touched, 10 percent of the plant's genome was altered.
32|disturbance|디스터번스|방해, 교란|Clearly, the plant was reorganizing its priorities to deal with the disturbance, and rerouting energy away from the hard work of getting taller.
33|come to a standstill|컴 투 어 스탠드스틸|멈추다|Evolution will come to a standstill until something in the conditions changes: the onset of an ice age, a change in the average rainfall of the area, a shift in the prevailing wind.
33|condition|컨디션|조건|Evolution will come to a standstill until something in the conditions changes: the onset of an ice age, a change in the average rainfall of the area, a shift in the prevailing wind.
33|onset|온셋|시작|Evolution will come to a standstill until something in the conditions changes: the onset of an ice age, a change in the average rainfall of the area, a shift in the prevailing wind.
33|ice age|아이스 에이지|빙하기|Evolution will come to a standstill until something in the conditions changes: the onset of an ice age, a change in the average rainfall of the area, a shift in the prevailing wind.
33|average rainfall|애버리지 레인폴|평균 강우량|Evolution will come to a standstill until something in the conditions changes: the onset of an ice age, a change in the average rainfall of the area, a shift in the prevailing wind.
33|shift|시프트|변화|Evolution will come to a standstill until something in the conditions changes: the onset of an ice age, a change in the average rainfall of the area, a shift in the prevailing wind.
33|prevailing wind|프리베일링 윈드|우세풍|Evolution will come to a standstill until something in the conditions changes: the onset of an ice age, a change in the average rainfall of the area, a shift in the prevailing wind.
33|timescale|타임스케일|시간 규모|Such changes do happen when we are dealing with a timescale as long as the evolutionary one.
33|evolutionary|에볼루셔네리|진화의|Such changes do happen when we are dealing with a timescale as long as the evolutionary one.
33|as a consequence|애즈 어 컨시퀀스|그 결과|As a consequence, evolution normally does not come to a halt, but constantly tracks the changing environment.
33|come to a halt|컴 투 어 홀트|멈추다|As a consequence, evolution normally does not come to a halt, but constantly tracks the changing environment.
33|constantly|칸스턴틀리|끊임없이|As a consequence, evolution normally does not come to a halt, but constantly tracks the changing environment.
33|track|트랙|따라가다|As a consequence, evolution normally does not come to a halt, but constantly tracks the changing environment.
33|steady|스테디|꾸준한|If there is a steady downward drift in the average temperature in the area, a drift that persists over centuries, successive generations of animals will be propelled by a steady selection 'pressure' in the direction, say, of growing longer coats of hair.
33|downward drift|다운워드 드리프트|하향 추세|If there is a steady downward drift in the average temperature in the area, a drift that persists over centuries, successive generations of animals will be propelled by a steady selection 'pressure' in the direction, say, of growing longer coats of hair.
33|persist|퍼시스트|지속되다|If there is a steady downward drift in the average temperature in the area, a drift that persists over centuries, successive generations of animals will be propelled by a steady selection 'pressure' in the direction, say, of growing longer coats of hair.
33|successive generation|석세시브 제너레이션|연속된 세대|If there is a steady downward drift in the average temperature in the area, a drift that persists over centuries, successive generations of animals will be propelled by a steady selection 'pressure' in the direction, say, of growing longer coats of hair.
33|be propelled by|비 프로펠드 바이|~에 의해 나아가다|If there is a steady downward drift in the average temperature in the area, a drift that persists over centuries, successive generations of animals will be propelled by a steady selection 'pressure' in the direction, say, of growing longer coats of hair.
33|selection pressure|셀렉션 프레셔|선택 압력|If after a few thousand years of reduced temperature the trend reverses and average temperatures creep up again, the animals will come under the influence of a new selection pressure, and will be pushed towards growing shorter coats again.
33|reverse|리버스|뒤바뀌다|If after a few thousand years of reduced temperature the trend reverses and average temperatures creep up again, the animals will come under the influence of a new selection pressure, and will be pushed towards growing shorter coats again.
34|metropolitan area|메트러팔러턴 에어리어|대도시 지역|The high price of land in metropolitan areas has implications for the efficient employment of resources.
34|implication|임플리케이션|영향, 함의|The high price of land in metropolitan areas has implications for the efficient employment of resources.
34|efficient employment|이피션트 임플로이먼트|효율적 사용|The high price of land in metropolitan areas has implications for the efficient employment of resources.
34|resource|리소스|자원|The high price of land in metropolitan areas has implications for the efficient employment of resources.
34|sidewalk vending cart|사이드워크 벤딩 카트|노점 판매 수레|For example, in New York City, as in many large cities, sidewalk vending carts sell everything from hot dogs to ice cream.
34|popular|파퓰러|인기 있는|Why are these carts so popular, with over 3,000 in New York City alone?
34|supply|서플라이|공급하다|Consider the resources used to supply hot dogs: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, plus intermediate goods such as hot dogs, buns, and other ingredients.
34|labor|레이버|노동|Consider the resources used to supply hot dogs: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, plus intermediate goods such as hot dogs, buns, and other ingredients.
34|capital|캐피털|자본|Consider the resources used to supply hot dogs: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, plus intermediate goods such as hot dogs, buns, and other ingredients.
34|entrepreneurial ability|안트러프러너리얼 어빌러티|기업가적 능력|Consider the resources used to supply hot dogs: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, plus intermediate goods such as hot dogs, buns, and other ingredients.
34|intermediate goods|인터미디어트 굿즈|중간재|Consider the resources used to supply hot dogs: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, plus intermediate goods such as hot dogs, buns, and other ingredients.
34|ingredient|인그리디언트|재료|Consider the resources used to supply hot dogs: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, plus intermediate goods such as hot dogs, buns, and other ingredients.
34|suppose|서포즈|생각하다, 가정하다|Which of these do you suppose is most expensive in New York City?
34|retail space|리테일 스페이스|소매 공간|Retail space along Madison Avenue rents for an average of $550 a year per square foot.
34|rent for|렌트 포어|~에 임대되다|The high price of land in metropolitan areas has implications for the efficient employment of resources.
34|per square foot|퍼 스퀘어 풋|제곱피트당|Retail space along Madison Avenue rents for an average of $550 a year per square foot.
34|commercial space|커머셜 스페이스|상업 공간|Because operating a hot dog cart requires about 4 square yards, it could cost as much as $20,000 a year to rent that much commercial space.
34|public permit|퍼블릭 퍼밋|공공 허가증|Aside from the necessary public permits, however, space on the public sidewalk is free to vendors.
34|vendor|벤더|판매자|Aside from the necessary public permits, however, space on the public sidewalk is free to vendors.
34|profit-maximizing|프라핏 맥시마이징|이익 극대화의|Profit-maximizing street vendors substitute public sidewalks for costly commercial space.
35|work of art|워크 오브 아트|예술 작품|The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense of its content is not just a visual one.
35|determine|디터민|판단하다|The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense of its content is not just a visual one.
35|recognize|레커그나이즈|인식하다|The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense of its content is not just a visual one.
35|make sense of|메이크 센스 오브|~을 이해하다|The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense of its content is not just a visual one.
35|content|컨텐트|내용|The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense of its content is not just a visual one.
35|visual|비주얼|시각적인|The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense of its content is not just a visual one.
35|mental process|멘털 프로세스|정신적 과정|It is a mental process as well, largely based on the elements within and about the work we can identify and categorize.
35|be based on|비 베이스트 온|~에 기반하다|The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense of its content is not just a visual one.
35|element|엘리먼트|요소|It is a mental process as well, largely based on the elements within and about the work we can identify and categorize.
35|identify|아이덴터파이|식별하다|It is a mental process as well, largely based on the elements within and about the work we can identify and categorize.
35|categorize|캐터거라이즈|분류하다|It is a mental process as well, largely based on the elements within and about the work we can identify and categorize.
35|clue|클루|단서|As we look and think, we may be given clues about what the work means by where it is, when it was made, what culture it came from, who created it, or why it was made.
35|culture|컬처|문화|As we look and think, we may be given clues about what the work means by where it is, when it was made, what culture it came from, who created it, or why it was made.
35|creator|크리에이터|창작자|The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense of its content is not just a visual one.
35|gather|개더|모으다|Any information we can gather helps us understand the work's context, that is, for what historical, social, personal, political, or scientific reasons the work of art was made.
35|context|콘텍스트|맥락|Any information we can gather helps us understand the work's context, that is, for what historical, social, personal, political, or scientific reasons the work of art was made.
35|historical|히스토리컬|역사적인|Any information we can gather helps us understand the work's context, that is, for what historical, social, personal, political, or scientific reasons the work of art was made.
35|contextual information|컨텍스추얼 인포메이션|맥락 정보|And then, using all the contextual information we have gathered, we interpret the work of art's content to discover what it means or symbolizes.
35|interpret|인터프릿|해석하다|And then, using all the contextual information we have gathered, we interpret the work of art's content to discover what it means or symbolizes.
35|symbolize|심벌라이즈|상징하다|And then, using all the contextual information we have gathered, we interpret the work of art's content to discover what it means or symbolizes.
36|struggle to survive|스트러글 투 서바이브|생존 투쟁|For most animals the struggle to survive takes up all their time.
36|take up|테이크 업|차지하다|For most animals the struggle to survive takes up all their time.
36|avoid predator|어보이드 프레더터|포식자를 피하다|For most animals the struggle to survive takes up all their time.
36|migrate|마이그레이트|이동하다|For most animals the struggle to survive takes up all their time.
36|reproduce|리프로듀스|번식하다|For most animals the struggle to survive takes up all their time.
36|use up|유즈 업|다 써버리다|Finding food and drink, keeping warm and clean, avoiding predators, migrating and reproducing use up all their energies.
36|to spare|투 스페어|여분의|If they do have any time to spare, they spend it resting or sleeping.
36|surplus energy|서플러스 에너지|남는 에너지|Only very young animals, under the protection of their parents, have enough surplus energy to engage in lively bouts of play.
36|engage in|인게이지 인|~에 참여하다|Only very young animals, under the protection of their parents, have enough surplus energy to engage in lively bouts of play.
36|bout of play|바웃 오브 플레이|한바탕 놀이|For most animals the struggle to survive takes up all their time.
36|ancestor|앤세스터|조상|This was also true for our early ancestors.
36|constant search|칸스턴트 서치|끊임없는 탐색|The constant search for food would have put heavy demands upon them.
36|put heavy demands upon|풋 헤비 디맨즈 어폰|~에게 큰 부담을 주다|The constant search for food would have put heavy demands upon them.
36|evolve into|이볼브 인투|~로 진화하다|For most animals the struggle to survive takes up all their time.
36|efficient hunter|이피션트 헌터|효율적인 사냥꾼|But as they slowly evolved into more and more efficient hunters, the situation changed.
36|intelligence|인텔리전스|지능|The secret of their success was the development of much greater intelligence.
36|brawn|브론|근력|They used brain not brawn to kill their prey.
36|prey|프레이|먹잇감|They used brain not brawn to kill their prey.
36|affluence|애플루언스|풍요|At the end of the long hunting era, before they turned to farming, they were already enjoying some degree of affluence.
36|have time on one's hands|해브 타임 온 원즈 핸즈|시간적 여유가 있다|For most animals the struggle to survive takes up all their time.
37|be startled|비 스타틀드|깜짝 놀라다|Think about a time when you were startled.
37|come to a sudden stop|컴 투 어 서든 스탑|갑자기 멈추다|Did you come to a sudden stop, freeze all your movements, and hold your breath as you scanned the environment for a threat?
37|freeze|프리즈|얼어붙다|Did you come to a sudden stop, freeze all your movements, and hold your breath as you scanned the environment for a threat?
37|hold one's breath|홀드 원즈 브레스|숨을 참다|Think about a time when you were startled.
37|scan|스캔|살피다|Did you come to a sudden stop, freeze all your movements, and hold your breath as you scanned the environment for a threat?
37|threat|쓰렛|위협|Did you come to a sudden stop, freeze all your movements, and hold your breath as you scanned the environment for a threat?
37|maximize|맥시마이즈|극대화하다|All these responses maximize our ability to avoid detection, locate the source of possible danger, and prepare to fight or flee.
37|avoid detection|어보이드 디텍션|발각을 피하다|All these responses maximize our ability to avoid detection, locate the source of possible danger, and prepare to fight or flee.
37|locate|로케이트|찾아내다|All these responses maximize our ability to avoid detection, locate the source of possible danger, and prepare to fight or flee.
37|fight or flee|파이트 오어 플리|싸우거나 달아나다|All these responses maximize our ability to avoid detection, locate the source of possible danger, and prepare to fight or flee.
37|sophisticated|서피스티케이티드|정교한|As sophisticated as language has become, it is still the creation of sound that might give away our location to a potential predator.
37|give away|기브 어웨이|드러내다|As sophisticated as language has become, it is still the creation of sound that might give away our location to a potential predator.
37|potential predator|퍼텐셜 프레더터|잠재적 포식자|As sophisticated as language has become, it is still the creation of sound that might give away our location to a potential predator.
37|freeze response|프리즈 리스판스|동결 반응|Because of this, the freeze response results in the inhibition of language in highly stressful and traumatic situations.
37|inhibition|인히비션|억제|Because of this, the freeze response results in the inhibition of language in highly stressful and traumatic situations.
37|traumatic|트러매틱|충격적인|Because of this, the freeze response results in the inhibition of language in highly stressful and traumatic situations.
37|conserve|컨서브|보존하다|Natural selection promoted the evolution of language but conserved the freeze rule.
37|constant state of fear|칸스턴트 스테이트 오브 피어|지속적 공포 상태|What if our experiences shape our brain to be in a constant state of fear?
37|neural network|뉴럴 네트워크|신경망|This interference with the proper development and integration of neural networks can result in chronic stress and even mental illness.
37|chronic stress|크라닉 스트레스|만성 스트레스|This interference with the proper development and integration of neural networks can result in chronic stress and even mental illness.
38|video gaming|비디오 게이밍|비디오 게임 하기|Video gaming is one of the most studied technologies with regard to empathy.
38|with regard to|위드 리가드 투|~와 관련하여|Video gaming is one of the most studied technologies with regard to empathy.
38|empathy|엠퍼시|공감|Video gaming is one of the most studied technologies with regard to empathy.
38|longstanding concern|롱스탠딩 컨선|오랜 우려|Because there have been longstanding concerns about the impact of violent video games on youth, much research has been conducted over the last couple of decades on the topic.
38|impact|임팩트|영향|Because there have been longstanding concerns about the impact of violent video games on youth, much research has been conducted over the last couple of decades on the topic.
38|youth|유스|청소년|Because there have been longstanding concerns about the impact of violent video games on youth, much research has been conducted over the last couple of decades on the topic.
38|conduct research|컨덕트 리서치|연구를 수행하다|Video gaming is one of the most studied technologies with regard to empathy.
38|decade|데케이드|10년|Because there have been longstanding concerns about the impact of violent video games on youth, much research has been conducted over the last couple of decades on the topic.
38|measure|메저|측정하다|Video gaming is one of the most studied technologies with regard to empathy.
38|document|다큐먼트|기록하다|While measuring and documenting the impact of video game violence, scientists have formulated credible explanations of how video gaming could affect empathy.
38|formulate|포뮬레이트|만들어 내다|While measuring and documenting the impact of video game violence, scientists have formulated credible explanations of how video gaming could affect empathy.
38|credible explanation|크레더블 익스플러네이션|믿을 만한 설명|While measuring and documenting the impact of video game violence, scientists have formulated credible explanations of how video gaming could affect empathy.
38|witness|위트니스|목격하다|Part of a normal, healthy reaction to witnessing violent events is to feel negative emotions, and to experience physiological arousal that is connected to fear or disgust.
38|negative emotion|네거티브 이모션|부정적 감정|Part of a normal, healthy reaction to witnessing violent events is to feel negative emotions, and to experience physiological arousal that is connected to fear or disgust.
38|physiological arousal|피지얼라지컬 어라우절|생리적 각성|Part of a normal, healthy reaction to witnessing violent events is to feel negative emotions, and to experience physiological arousal that is connected to fear or disgust.
38|disgust|디스거스트|혐오|Part of a normal, healthy reaction to witnessing violent events is to feel negative emotions, and to experience physiological arousal that is connected to fear or disgust.
38|repeated exposure|리피티드 익스포저|반복 노출|With repeated exposure to violent events ─ such as what might happen when a person plays violent video games ─ this normal reaction might become blunted, a phenomenon known as desensitization.
38|blunted|블런티드|무뎌진|With repeated exposure to violent events ─ such as what might happen when a person plays violent video games ─ this normal reaction might become blunted, a phenomenon known as desensitization.
38|desensitization|디센서터제이션|둔감화|With repeated exposure to violent events ─ such as what might happen when a person plays violent video games ─ this normal reaction might become blunted, a phenomenon known as desensitization.
38|reduced empathy|리듀스트 엠퍼시|감소된 공감|The next step in this problematic process would be having diminished emotional responses to violence, which could also interfere with the ability to recognize and/or to sympathize with others, leading to reduced empathy.
39|realise|리얼라이즈|깨닫다, 실현하다|Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much actual good.
39|differentiation|디퍼렌시에이션|차별화|Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much actual good.
39|brand|브랜드|상표, 브랜드|Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much actual good.
39|broadcast|브로드캐스트|널리 알리다|Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much actual good.
39|social purpose|소셜 퍼퍼스|사회적 목적|Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much actual good.
39|actual good|액추얼 굿|실질적 선행|Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much actual good.
39|marketer|마케터|마케팅 담당자|Their marketers are using social purpose to boost the brand's reputation, rather than embracing the purpose itself.
39|boost|부스트|높이다|Their marketers are using social purpose to boost the brand's reputation, rather than embracing the purpose itself.
39|reputation|레퓨테이션|평판|Their marketers are using social purpose to boost the brand's reputation, rather than embracing the purpose itself.
39|embrace|임브레이스|받아들이다|Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much actual good.
39|authentic|오쎈틱|진정한|Making a real difference with social problems is hard enough; to succeed, it has to follow from an authentic, company-wide commitment to the purpose.
39|company-wide commitment|컴퍼니 와이드 커밋먼트|회사 전체의 헌신|Making a real difference with social problems is hard enough; to succeed, it has to follow from an authentic, company-wide commitment to the purpose.
39|mission|미션|사명|Otherwise the mission is just window-dressing, or what we call "purpose-washing" ─ similar to green-washing, where purpose-driven activities serve mainly for publicity purposes.
39|window-dressing|윈도 드레싱|겉치레|Otherwise the mission is just window-dressing, or what we call "purpose-washing" ─ similar to green-washing, where purpose-driven activities serve mainly for publicity purposes.
39|purpose-washing|퍼퍼스 워싱|목적 위장|Otherwise the mission is just window-dressing, or what we call "purpose-washing" ─ similar to green-washing, where purpose-driven activities serve mainly for publicity purposes.
39|greenwashing|그린워싱|친환경 위장|Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much actual good.
39|publicity purpose|퍼블리서티 퍼퍼스|홍보 목적|Otherwise the mission is just window-dressing, or what we call "purpose-washing" ─ similar to green-washing, where purpose-driven activities serve mainly for publicity purposes.
39|charade|셔레이드|가식|We end up with what Anand Giridhardas describes in Winners Take All: "social purpose that just furthers the charade of elites disrupting the old order without giving much back".
39|lose out on|루즈 아웃 온|~을 놓치다|They lose out on positioning for future markets, and they might even make employees feel worse about working for them.
39|positioning|퍼지셔닝|시장 위치 선정|They lose out on positioning for future markets, and they might even make employees feel worse about working for them.
40|constant pulse|칸스턴트 펄스|일정한 박자|The brain needs to create a model of a constant pulse ─ a schema ─ so that we know when the musicians are not conforming to it.
40|schema|스키마|도식, 틀|The brain needs to create a model of a constant pulse ─ a schema ─ so that we know when the musicians are not conforming to it.
40|conform to|컨폼 투|~을 따르다|The brain needs to create a model of a constant pulse ─ a schema ─ so that we know when the musicians are not conforming to it.
40|variation|베리에이션|변주, 변화|This is similar to variations of a melody: We need to have a mental representation of what the melody is in order to know ─ and appreciate ─ when the musician is taking liberties with it.
40|melody|멜러디|선율|This is similar to variations of a melody: We need to have a mental representation of what the melody is in order to know ─ and appreciate ─ when the musician is taking liberties with it.
40|mental representation|멘털 레프리젠테이션|정신적 표상|This is similar to variations of a melody: We need to have a mental representation of what the melody is in order to know ─ and appreciate ─ when the musician is taking liberties with it.
40|appreciate|어프리시에이트|이해하고 감상하다|This is similar to variations of a melody: We need to have a mental representation of what the melody is in order to know ─ and appreciate ─ when the musician is taking liberties with it.
40|take liberties with|테이크 리버티즈 위드|~을 자유롭게 변형하다|The brain needs to create a model of a constant pulse ─ a schema ─ so that we know when the musicians are not conforming to it.
40|metrical extraction|메트리컬 익스트랙션|박자 추출|Metrical extraction, knowing what the pulse is and when we expect it to occur, is a crucial part of musical emotion.
40|expect|익스펙트|기대하다|Metrical extraction, knowing what the pulse is and when we expect it to occur, is a crucial part of musical emotion.
40|occur|어커|발생하다|Metrical extraction, knowing what the pulse is and when we expect it to occur, is a crucial part of musical emotion.
40|crucial|크루셜|중요한|Metrical extraction, knowing what the pulse is and when we expect it to occur, is a crucial part of musical emotion.
40|musical emotion|뮤지컬 이모션|음악적 감정|Metrical extraction, knowing what the pulse is and when we expect it to occur, is a crucial part of musical emotion.
40|communicate|커뮤니케이트|전달하다|Music communicates to us emotionally through systematic violations of expectations.
40|systematic violation|시스터매틱 바이얼레이션|체계적 위반|Music communicates to us emotionally through systematic violations of expectations.
40|domain|도메인|영역|These violations can occur in any domain ─ the domain of pitch, rhythm, tempo, and so on ─ but occur they must.
40|pitch|피치|음높이|These violations can occur in any domain ─ the domain of pitch, rhythm, tempo, and so on ─ but occur they must.
40|rhythm|리듬|리듬|These violations can occur in any domain ─ the domain of pitch, rhythm, tempo, and so on ─ but occur they must.
40|tempo|템포|빠르기|These violations can occur in any domain ─ the domain of pitch, rhythm, tempo, and so on ─ but occur they must.
40|emotionally flat|이모셔널리 플랫|감정적으로 밋밋한|Music is organized sound, but the organization has to involve some element of the unexpected or it is emotionally flat and robotic.
41~42|major consumer|메이저 컨슈머|주요 소비자|The major consumer of oil is transport.
41~42|transport|트랜스포트|운송|The major consumer of oil is transport.
41~42|internal combustion engine|인터널 컴버스천 엔진|내연기관|But consider what has happened over the last 30 years or so to the technology involved in producing the internal combustion engine.
41~42|efficient|이피션트|효율적인|Because oil is expensive, car engines today are far more efficient in their consumption of fuel (and far less polluting) than they were in 1972.
41~42|consumption of fuel|컨섬프션 오브 퓨얼|연료 소비|Because oil is expensive, car engines today are far more efficient in their consumption of fuel (and far less polluting) than they were in 1972.
41~42|polluting|펄루팅|오염을 일으키는|Because oil is expensive, car engines today are far more efficient in their consumption of fuel (and far less polluting) than they were in 1972.
41~42|fuel cell technology|퓨얼 셀 테크놀러지|연료 전지 기술|In fact, if the price of oil does rise much further then fuel cell technology (which produces energy from water!) will receive yet another momentum.
41~42|momentum|모멘텀|추진력|In fact, if the price of oil does rise much further then fuel cell technology (which produces energy from water!) will receive yet another momentum.
41~42|multinational|멀티내셔널|다국적 기업|The big car multinationals have already produced the prototype motors ─ they are currently racing to try and get prices down and engine performances up.
41~42|prototype motor|프로토타입 모터|시제품 엔진|The big car multinationals have already produced the prototype motors ─ they are currently racing to try and get prices down and engine performances up.
41~42|race to|레이스 투|서둘러 ~하려 하다|The major consumer of oil is transport.
41~42|get prices down|겟 프라이시즈 다운|가격을 낮추다|The big car multinationals have already produced the prototype motors ─ they are currently racing to try and get prices down and engine performances up.
41~42|performance|퍼포먼스|성능|The big car multinationals have already produced the prototype motors ─ they are currently racing to try and get prices down and engine performances up.
41~42|future profit|퓨처 프라핏|미래 이익|Their future profits depend upon it.
41~42|breakthrough|브레이크쓰루|획기적 발전|Imagine now if there is a breakthrough in fuel cell technology.
41~42|fall dramatically|폴 드러매티컬리|급격히 하락하다|They would fall dramatically ─ signalling much less demand than supply ─ and oil companies and OPEC oil producers would stand to lose much income.
41~42|demand|디맨드|수요|They would fall dramatically ─ signalling much less demand than supply ─ and oil companies and OPEC oil producers would stand to lose much income.
41~42|supply|서플라이|공급|They would fall dramatically ─ signalling much less demand than supply ─ and oil companies and OPEC oil producers would stand to lose much income.
41~42|alternative source|올터너티브 소스|대체 원천|The fact that this threat is real is driving the producers to look for alternative sources of income.
41~42|diversify|다이버서파이|다각화하다|The major consumer of oil is transport.
43~45|kindness project|카인드니스 프로젝트|친절 프로젝트|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|cheerful letter|치어풀 레터|밝은 편지|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|elder|엘더|어르신|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|countryside village|컨트리사이드 빌리지|시골 마을|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|balcony garden|밸커니 가든|발코니 정원|She shared about her balcony garden at home and included drawings of flowers.
43~45|despite|디스파이트|~에도 불구하고|Anna mentioned that despite having limited space, she enjoyed taking care of her plants.
43~45|limited space|리미티드 스페이스|제한된 공간|Anna mentioned that despite having limited space, she enjoyed taking care of her plants.
43~45|take care of|테이크 케어 오브|돌보다|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|conclude by|컨클루드 바이|~하며 끝맺다|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|package|패키지|소포|After sending the letter, Anna forgot about it until a month later when a package arrived at her home.
43~45|be addressed to|비 어드레스트 투|~에게 보내진|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|folded letter|폴디드 레터|접힌 편지|When Anna opened it, she found a folded letter and a jar of homemade strawberry mint jam from Mrs.
43~45|homemade|홈메이드|집에서 만든|When Anna opened it, she found a folded letter and a jar of homemade strawberry mint jam from Mrs.
43~45|strawberry mint jam|스트로베리 민트 잼|딸기 민트 잼|When Anna opened it, she found a folded letter and a jar of homemade strawberry mint jam from Mrs.
43~45|remind A of B|리마인드 에이 오브 비|A에게 B를 떠올리게 하다|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|herb|허브|허브|So I planted some herbs.
43~45|deeply moved|딥리 무브드|깊이 감동한|Pike." Anna was deeply moved by Mrs.
43~45|thrilled|쓰릴드|매우 신난|When her teacher announced that her class would visit the village to meet the seniors, Anna was thrilled.
43~45|brighten one's spirit|브라이트 원즈 스피릿|마음을 밝게 하다|As part of a kindness project, Orange High School students wrote cheerful letters to elders in a countryside village.
43~45|daily reminder|데일리 리마인더|매일 떠올리게 하는 것|It was a daily reminder that people, like plants, sometimes just need a little sunlight.

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